Assessing carbon lock-in

Carbon Lock-In: Types, Causes, and Policy Implications

Existing technologies, institutions, andbehavioral norms together act to constrain the rate and magnitude of carbon emissions reductions in the coming decades. The inertia of carbon emissions due to such mutually reinforcing physical, economic, and social constraints is referred to as carbon lock-in. Carbon lock-in is a special case of path dependency, which is common in the evolution of comple...

Avoiding Carbon Lock-In: Policy Options for Advancing Structural Change

A major obstacle for the transformation to a low-carbon economy is the risk of a carbon lock-in: fossil fuel-based (“dirty”) technologies dominate the market although their carbon-free (“clean”) alternatives are dynamically more efficient. We study the interaction of learning-by-doing spillovers and the substitution elasticity between the clean and the dirty sector in an intertemporal general e...

Assessing carbon nanotube strength

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Assessing the present state and potential of Medicaid controlled substance lock-in programs.

Nonmedical use of prescription medications--particularly controlled substances--has risen dramatically in recent decades, resulting in alarming increases in overdose-related health care utilization, costs, and mortality. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that 80% of abused and misused controlled substances originate as legal prescriptions. As such, policymakers and payers ...